At first we have to define what creativity is. Creativity refers to the phenomenon whereby a person creates something new that has some kind of value. And there are four kinds of creative abilities: fluency-the ability to produce lots of ideas, flexibility-ability to produce lots of different types of ideas, originality-ability to produce unusual ideas, elaboration-the ability to develop those ideas. Knowing this we can start talking about how creativity works and what effects it.
Firstly, according to Graham Wallas there are five stages of creating an idea. First: preparation-preparatory work on a problem that focuses the individual's mind on the problem and explores the problem's dimensions. Second: incubation-where the problem is internalized into the unconscious mind and nothing appears externally to be happening. Third: intimation-the creative person gets a "feeling" that a solution is on its way. Fourth: illumination or insight-where the creative idea bursts forth from its preconscious processing into conscious awareness. And fifth: verification-where the idea is consciously verified, elaborated, and then applied. This is how ideas are created.
What is more, there are some things that effect creativity and one of these things is personality. A lot of researches have been done and there was found correlations between personality types and creativity. Personality consists of big five: openness to experience, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, neuroticism. Neuroticism, extroversion and especially openness to experience have positive correlation to creativity, whereas conscientiousness has negative correlation, but only for art, not science.
Moreover, motivation also effects creativity and it is something you can change so it is important if you want to become more creative. After lots of researches it has been proved that extrinsic motivation negatively affects creativity, whereas intrinsic motivation affects it positively. Extrinsic motivation-motivation caused by outside effects like reward, intrinsic motivation-motivation caused by inner things like joy of doing something, because it is fun. People who are forced to do something do it less creatively, so if you think about your task not like work, but more like a game it will be easier to do and it will become more creative.
To sum up, creativity is a phenomenon which can be found in human nature, but science of psychology had shown that it is something that can be controlled. With some knowledge about creativity, you can increase it, this can make your work more efficient and original.
References: http://www.csun.edu/~vcpsy00h/psy444.htm
http://www.slideshare.net/clurr/psychology-of-creativity-london-ia-300310-3641382
http://talentdevelop.com/interviews/psychcreat.html
http://www.psychology.org/links/Environment_Behavior_Relationships/Creativity/
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